Introduction to Iran

Quick Overview

Bordered to the north by the Caspian Sea and to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, half of the country consists of a vast continental plateau ranging between 1,000 and 1,500 meters in elevation. Two major mountain ranges cross the country: the Alborz Mountains (peaking at 5,671 m) in the north, and the long Zagros range (peaking at 4,550 m), stretching 1,800 km to the west. Despite diverse flora and fauna, a quarter of the territory—east and south—is desert.

Key Facts

• Type of place: country.

• Location: between Turkey and Pakistan, on the Persian Gulf.

• Latitude/longitude: 35°41' N, 51°25' E.

• Local time: Heure : 12801

• Capital: Tehran.

• Nature of the state: Islamic republic.

• Official language: Persian (locally called Farsi).

• Currency: rial.

• Population: 83,024,745 inhabitants (2018).

• Area: 1,648,195 km².

• Density: 50 inhabitants/km².

• Highest point: Mount Damavand (5,671 m).

• Lowest point: sea level.

• Coastline: 2,440 km (Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea).

• Driving: on the right.

Tourism

With exceptional heritage, a rich culture, and breathtaking landscapes, Iran is one of the most fascinating destinations in its region. However, between authoritarian rule and religious conservatism, the country—much to the dismay of much of its population—struggles to claim its rightful place in tourism. Add to this the entry requirements and the implications of traveling there if you later plan to visit the U.S., which deters many.

Despite these challenges, the country welcomed 4.867 million visitors in 2017, primarily from the region or traveling for religious reasons. A significant number of Iranians also explore their own country.

Travel Essentials

• Destination: for slightly experienced travelers.

• By air: France-Tehran.

• Entry requirements: passport + visa.

• Currency to bring: euros.

• Exchange rate:

• Daily "backpacker" budget:

• Best for accommodation:

• Best for getting around:

• Risks:

• Best time for climate/crowds/prices:

• Interests (out of ★★★★): Nature ★★/★★★; Adventure ★★; Culture ★★★★; Relaxation/holidays ★.

Useful Addresses

Socio-Economic Statistics

• "Quality of life": 60/188 (rank in 2018)

• GDP per capita: $20,100 (2017)

• Average monthly income: ()

• Inflation: +9.6% (2018)

• "Official" unemployment: 11.8% (2017)

• Population below poverty line: ()

• Life expectancy: 74.2 years (2018)

• Migration rate per 1,000 inhabitants: -0.2 (2017)

• Population growth: +1.19% (2018)

• Literacy rate: 86.8% (2015)

• Urban population: 74.9% (2018)

• Press freedom: 164/180 (rank in 2018)

• Political regime: authoritarian regime (150/167 in 2018)

Sources: World Bank, Human Development Indicators, RSF, The Economist, The World Factbook