Cripple Creek…
First off, I want to acknowledge the respect you four have shown for the work of underground miners—those in Cripple Creek, in this case. That’s the same feeling I had as a student the first time I went "down below."
Hats off and helmets down to the miners who’ve truly earned their advantages.
To further illustrate life in the mines, here’s a photo of a manhole, (a vertical shaft) in the former small copper mine of Jordan River near Sooke, BC, which was still in operation in the 1970s.

The technological advances that allowed miners in Cripple Creek—and those in underground mines worldwide—to descend so deep (up to 4 km) have their roots in Central European mines, particularly in Saxony and Bohemia. For centuries, since the 1500s or even earlier, the Bohemians (under various political regimes) mastered underground mining better than anyone. In Bohemia, in the region of Jáchymov, for example, they’ve been the ones—since Roman times—who’ve advanced mining techniques the most. During the Kingdom of Bohemia, the Austrian Empire, and especially the Austro-Hungarian Empire, miners achieved records. Under Franz Joseph, they reached a then-record depth of 800 meters, if I remember correctly—an achievement celebrated by the Emperor himself, who was notified by telegraph and rewarded them fairly. (This comes from an oral interview with local engineers during the communist era.)
In Saxony, in 1556, the first modern mining treatise since Roman times was published in Latin for a wider audience. It was written by a certain Georg Bauer, known as Agricola, who, after spending several years in Bohemia and gaining experience in Jáchymov, returned to Saxony. In his treatise, he was the first to discuss the potential conflicts between mining and the environment.
An interesting confrontation, long before the industrial world—and one that hasn’t aged a bit!
I’ll quote (translation from one of my former bosses):
‘‘ Many quotes from ancient authors and priests claim that man can be happy without metals. The mine destroys fields, vineyards, and orchards. Miners destroy forests to obtain the wood needed for their constructions and furnaces. Waste kills river fish. Many murders and wars are due to greed. How can we deny the destructive power of gold and wealth? Finally, isn’t it unhealthy to seek what nature has taken care to hide?
In defense of mining, one must mention fishing—fish hidden in the sea, just as ores are hidden in the earth—and recall that metals are used to produce other riches. It’s also worth noting that man can no longer live without tools. But we must guard against excess: it’s the same with everything, even wine.
Metals are useful to doctors, painters, architects, merchants, and farmers…’’
However, contrary to what’s sometimes written, it was in Jáchymov, in 1716—now in the Czech Republic, then in the Kingdom of Bohemia—that the first School of Mines in Europe, and thus the world, was founded, fifty years before the one in Freiberg, Saxony.
And when you visit the underground workings of Jáchymov, now a spa town, and walk through the various galleries that have marked centuries of miners’ progress, the emotion is palpable.
For example, in front of the small sanctuary carved into the rock to house a statue of Saint Barbara, the patron saint of miners (among others), where miners would pray upon arriving underground for several days.
Or in front of the small niches carved into the rock walls, blackened by the smoke of oil lamps they once held, lining the oldest galleries.
But, you might ask, what on earth do the miners of old Bohemia have to do with our topic—that is, American miners (and Americans in general)?
It’s simple: they’re the origin of their currency (well, the name of their currency, at least!).
Indeed, thanks to the efforts of Bohemian miners in the early 16th century, a certain family—the Counts of Schlick—became extremely wealthy.
Count Schlick became so rich that he got a big head and started minting his own coins. Thus, in 1519, the Thaler was born, which played a major economic and financial role in Europe and beyond for four centuries and gave rise to the American dollar in 1792.
But the name "dollar" was known long before 1792, as evidenced by its use by William Shakespeare around 1611.
Interesting reading on the subject:
Origin and history of the Word Dollar and Dollar Sign (good online Google translation)
A little wink from history: today, the name Thaler remains associated with economics and finance thanks to a Nobel Prize winner, Richard Thaler.