Yes, a bus, train, or boat ticket is a valid proof of exit from Thailand for airport check-in and Thai immigration services.
I’ve used this method four times (a named bus ticket proving exit from Thailand before the end of the Visa Exemption), at three different airports (Toulouse, Orly, CDG) and with four different airlines, even though my round-trip tickets were spaced 4 or 5 months apart. The check-in staff verified that my bus ticket showed an exit from Thailand before the end of the 30 or 60 days, and then they checked us in without any issues. Another traveler on VF did the same thing as me (between 2015 and 2020), from three airports and with different airlines, with no problems at all.
It’s clearly stated in the texts from embassies in London, Switzerland, etc.: « confirmed air, train, bus or boat tickets ». (It’s reasonable to refer to these embassies’ texts because the visa exemption entry legislation is common to around sixty countries; moreover, their texts are consistent. The French embassy’s texts don’t mention anything.)
https://www.thaiembassy.ch/Content/Embassy/188.htmlAs Songsam mentioned, the check-in agent can verify the validity of a flight ticket, but not that of a bus, train, or boat ticket. This can cause issues because it’s not common, as Aixois54 (a former airport professional) pointed out. He also used bus or other tickets once or twice to prove his exit from Thai territory.
Aixois54 adds:
To avoid any potential problems, it might be worth considering (at no cost) taking a screenshot of the official embassy website and emailing it to the airline to get a written response confirming that they wouldn’t be justified in refusing boarding to a passenger with a non-air transport ticket for leaving the territory (THAILAND) within 30 days (in the case of a departure from France without a visa).
What’s certain is that at a check-in counter, it’s easy for the agent to verify the "reality" (on computer systems) of a flight ticket (including from another airline, obviously), but not that of a train or boat ticket...
It’s never easy to handle a problem outside an agent’s usual workflow "on the spot" (at the airport before boarding), so a prior written exchange with the airline helps you stay zen (by having their response)....
That’s what I (now just a passenger and tourist) did once or twice when traveling to THAILAND for similar cases (non-air exit from the territory within 30 days)....
https://voyageforum.com/forum/visa-thailande-d7614862/
For my part, I’ve never had any issues at check-in with just a bus ticket as proof of exit, even though my round-trip flights were 4 to 6 months apart. But I always arrive early for check-in with copies of the London or Switzerland embassy texts (links above), just in case...
Safe travels!
PS: I can’t seem to insert links—it used to work fine... The embassy texts are easy to find under Visa Exemption, and for the discussion with Aixois54, I included the date and thread. Well, now it seems I’ve managed it... (?)