Single Russia-Belarus visa and new train routes
FR

Translated into English.

Original post
ES
Since last year, the unification of the Russian visa with Belarus has been in effect. For reference, EU citizens haven’t needed a visa for Belarus for two years. However, it wasn’t possible to travel to Russia. Only Belarusian and Russian citizens could move freely within the union.

With the unified system, if you enter one of the two countries with a visa from either, you can now travel between them freely.

In the case of a Russian visa, it must be a paper visa glued into your passport—not an electronic visa.

This opens up the possibility of traveling to Russia from Lithuania via Minsk, for example, starting from Vilnius.

It also allows for travel circuits that would otherwise be difficult, despite the proximity of the cities.

So, I’m leaving on June 12th for Vilnius. A one-hour flight for around thirty euros with a carry-on bag, and from Vilnius Airport, there’s a bus to Minsk. My planned route for now is Vilnius-Minsk-Smolensk-Vitebsk-Polotsk-Pskov-Riga.



This crosses the Belarus-Russia border three times: from Minsk to Smolensk, then from Smolensk to Vitebsk, and finally from Polotsk to Pskov.

The region of this itinerary was, a thousand years ago, essentially that of the Krivichs, a local Slavic political entity. The term comes from "blood," *krew* in Polish, *krov* in Russian—basically "blood brothers." In Latvian, the word for Russians is *krievu*, by the way. Historically, the region corresponds to some of the old Russian principalities. Later, what marks Belarusian regions in general is, after the Great Schism of 1054, the division between Catholic and Orthodox zones, particularly as the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth expanded and contracted. In architecture, this corresponds to variations in Baroque styles, for example.

Vitebsk is known in France as the birthplace of Chagall. Born Russian, he first trained at the art school in Vitebsk, which was also attended by Malevich and Lissitzky, before completing his studies in Saint Petersburg, then moving to Berlin and later Paris. In Paris, Chagall met Cendrars, who had spent three years in Russia before and spoke enough Russian to help the newcomer get by a bit.

Back to the practical travel aspects: a local Pskov newspaper mentions that the Russian and Belarusian governments have a project for a Pskov-Polotsk train line. Previously, there were also plans for lines between Veliky Luki and Vitebsk, and Polotsk. A recently launched railway is Smolensk-Vitebsk, shown in white on the map, with projected lines in blue. https://pln-pskov.ru/society/583817.html https://pln-pskov.ru/society/578335.html

These will likely be "Hirondelle"—that is, *Lastochka*—the fast, spacious regional trains in Russia. Currently, all of this is done by bus, so the train is a very appealing and comfortable option. We’ll see how it goes.

IN Incompletude Regular ·
Hey, thanks for your explanations... but it doesn’t seem quite that simple for an EU resident. The visa-free entry for Belarus only applies when entering. After that, you have to go to the police to register, and it’s not easy if you don’t speak Russian... sometimes you have to wait for hours to sign in. You also need mandatory medical insurance for the country. If you’re driving to Belarus, you now need third-party car insurance for Belarus (our EU insurance no longer covers these countries, nor does travel insurance like Mondial or Europe Assistance from a credit card...). Plus, you have to pay a toll fee for the duration of your stay.

As for the trains, these are still just projects, and there’s not much funding for the work in the current context.

There are no longer any trains between Vilnius and Minsk—just buses—and going through customs takes 2/3/5 hours. Bus licenses are now restricted, so it’s recommended to book a bus in advance.

Flights to Vilnius are also rare now, and with the rise in kerosene prices, coming for 24 € is a thing of the past...!!

If you’re thinking of spending 15 days in Russia with just a handbag, it’s going to be tough at customs... hmm.

Also, traveling to Minsk to then go to Latvia, then Estonia by train to reach Russia—given the current geopolitical situation, that doesn’t work anymore.

Even with a Belarusian visa, an EU resident can no longer enter Russia. You’d need a visa for both countries. But as far as I know, Russia requires a direct flight from the EU to enter. Since there are hardly any direct flights from the EU to Russia (and none from the EU to Minsk anymore), it’s often very complicated, and you have to go through other countries (Turkey, Georgia, Kazakhstan, etc.), and it’s definitely not 24 €.

Nothing’s simple these days, and it’s often a real hassle
ES Esantirulo Veteran ·
it doesn’t seem quite that simple for an EU resident...

Nothing special except the EU’s cancellation of trains and flights to Belarus and Russia.

For Belarus only, EU+EEA citizens don’t need a visa. With a paper visa in your passport, you can travel between Belarus and Russia. The long-stalled unified visa project was finally approved and launched on 11.01.2025: https://mfa.gov.by/visa/viezd_vyezd/agreement/

I’m on a Russian multi-entry visa and have Russian travel/medical insurance that covers Belarus. For my itinerary, I’ve mapped out a route with no round trips to or from the EuroReich—just Belarus and Russia (except for entry and exit at the start and end).

As for regional cross-border train projects, yeah, it could take a while—or not. In recent years, Russia has definitely added several regional connections served by Lastochka trains, replacing what used to be only platzkart or compartment cars on long-distance routes. It’s interesting to see the push to expand logistics in these border oblasts.
IN Incompletude Regular ·
hi I just have a small doubt. My wife, who lives in Belarus, tells me I can no longer travel to Russia as an EU resident and that Russia now requires a direct flight from the EU, making it impossible for a European to enter Russia via Belarus... I’ll look into this topic.
LA Lapagaille Veteran ·
Hi there, And how do you handle check-in in Belarus with a Russian visa? (And vice versa?) I tried online, but it didn’t work for my sister and her husband. Luckily, they had a hotel in Belarus. It’s tough to find dollars in Europe... Cheers, Patrick
ES Esantirulo Veteran ·
Hello, I just have a small doubt. My wife, who lives in Belarus, tells me I can no longer travel to Russia as an EU resident and that Russia now requires a direct flight from the EU. She also says it’s no longer possible for a European to enter Russia via Belarus...

Your wife lives in Belarus, but what about you???

I’m an EU/Schengen citizen and travel to Russia regularly. Since I live in Scandinavia, it’s easy thanks to short, affordable flights to Gdańsk, Vilnius, Riga, or Tallinn, where you can take buses to Russia (Kaliningrad, Pskov, Ivangorod).

Passport page with current visa and stamps: first entry from Norway at Borisoglebsk (Murmansk Oblast), then exit via Shumilkino (from Pskov to Estonia); second entry-exit from Poland to Kaliningrad via Mamonovo-2:



As I mentioned, the EU banned direct flights to Belarus and Russia in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Train connections followed. So now we take buses.

Regarding the unified Belarus-Russia visa, which has been in effect since January 2025, I’ve shared the official link from the Belarusian government site and will post it again: https://mfa.gov.by/visa/viezd_vyezd/agreement/

This doesn’t apply to e-visas, which Russia doesn’t accept for this purpose: "Russian side currently does not operate electronic entry documents and does not issue visas without a physical stamp in the passport for these routes."

You can see that Belarus maintains its own system for e-visas or the current visa-free regime.

The text also mentions that foreign residents in both countries can travel between them: "Foreign citizens and stateless persons legally residing in either country may cross the mutual border without a visa for short-term stays (up to 90 days within a 180-day period), including for tourism, business, transit, or other purposes, provided they hold valid documents confirming their legal residence in one of the two states."
ES Esantirulo Veteran ·
And for registration, how do you handle it in Belarus with the Russian visa? (and vice versa) I tried online but it didn’t work for my sister and her husband—luckily, they had a hotel in Belarus. Hard to find dollars in Europe..... Patrick

Hey Patrick! 🙂 The last time I was in Belarus (Lida, Grodno, Brest), I stayed at a hotel, and next week it’ll be the same, so I don’t have and won’t have personal experience with this.

That said, the regulations are unified with Russia: registration within ten days, counting the arrival day. No obligation if you stay less than ten days. Still, I do have an account on the Belarusian portal where a non-resident foreigner can create one:

https://e-pasluga.by/services/vizy-i-putesestvia/20012141registracia-inostrannogo-grazdanina-ili-lica-bez-grazdanstva-vremenno-pr

The account is then on this page: https://account.gov.by/

And there’s a section to self-register in the available services menu:



You click on it: Регистрация иностранного гражданина (third box at the top), and it leads to a form to fill out:

LA Lapagaille Veteran ·
Hello, Thanks for the replies! Patrick
ES Esantirulo Veteran ·
Hard to find dollars in Europe.....

In my case, they’re available—along with euros—in some ATMs around town. I’ve got one 7 km from home in a shopping center. But this is Norway, a special case. You can also find them, plus other currencies, in ATMs in the international zone at Oslo Airport, though the exchange rate isn’t great.

In the Eurozone, it should still be possible to withdraw dollars, like a bunch of other currencies, by ordering them from your bank for pickup at brick-and-mortar branches that still exist, right?

In Poland, all the kantors offer dollars for exchange, I think. In Vilnius, the little booth at the bus station, among others. Etc.
IN Incompletude Regular ·
hi there I don’t want to stir up controversy due to lack of info… I’m trusting my wife (who holds a high-level position in that country). Nothing seems easy when traveling to Russia, especially by bus, and you really can’t count on things being quick. In Belarus, you can find ATMs that dispense 500 rubles per week (about 155 €), and some shops and hotels accept VISA card payments. Just make sure to ask if they take those cards. Personally, I now stick to Belarus, and even then, crossing the border by car isn’t always smooth. On my last trip, it took 19 hours to clear customs coming from Lithuania.
IN Incompletude Regular ·
Since COVID and then the war, I only spend a few months in Belarus now. I’ve been married for 20 years, so I can get a one-year visa. I’m retired, but my wife still works. For 15 years, I spent a lot of time in Belarus—it was pure happiness, with no issues transferring or withdrawing money. I love Belarus, but...!!

Today, it’s less straightforward, especially when crossing borders. Many French people have left Belarus. My wife also comes to France during her vacations (thankfully, she’s had dual citizenship for 12 years).
AT Attila Globetrotter ·
in the EuroReich

It's a shame, it was almost perfect... Old habits die hard.

It's easy to get dollars in Europe, but not at your bank unless you want to pay through the nose.

You can, for example, order them online or, if you live in a big city, find them at exchange offices.
LA Lapagaille Veteran ·
Hi there, No, it's really tough to exchange euros for dollars. Some banks take up to 3 weeks to process the exchange. You’ll need to find exchange bureaus in GD Luxembourg or Brussels (in my case), and that means traveling kilometers, plus the exchange rate isn’t great compared to banks. On top of that, you need a bank that even accepts foreign currency exchanges—many don’t anymore. Best, Patrick
ES Esantirulo Veteran ·
it's really difficult to exchange euros for dollars. Some banks take 3 weeks to complete the exchange. You have to find exchange offices in GD Luxembourg or Brussels (for me), and that means kilometers to travel, plus the exchange rate isn't great compared to banks. And that’s only if you have a bank that even agrees to exchange currency. A lot of banks no longer offer exchange services.

Yeah, it’s totally Kafkaesque. Especially in Belgium, which I thought was more liberal—Luxembourg, on the other hand, is known as a money-laundering machine for all currencies, haha.

I was thinking about this thread earlier while shopping at the mall ten minutes from my place. Here’s a view of the ATM. It’s in Norwegian but understandable: *uttak (alle bankkort)* = withdrawal (all bank cards), and for deposits (*innskudd*), they even accept sterling (!) (deposits for the ATM’s bank customers only, Nordea):

AT Attila Globetrotter ·
Aren’t there any sites like this in Belgium or Luxembourg?

I almost never exchange money before I leave since I use my debit card 99.99% of the time.

The only times I’ve bought dollars in the last 20 years, I used an online site with currency pickup at the airport, or I went to an exchange office in Paris since I was flying from there.

The only country that’s given me trouble with my card so far is Myanmar.

You can also withdraw dollars at lots of airports (Dab), but at what rate?
LA Lapagaille Veteran ·
Hi there It seems like Norway is more advanced than the EU (Schengen) oh yes
AT Attila Globetrotter ·
This exists in airports, but at what rate?

What’s the rate used by Norwegian banks?
ES Esantirulo Veteran ·
What exchange rate do Norwegian banks use?

Today, Nordea sells 100 USD for 943 NOK, which is about 84 EUR, while DNB sells for 936 NOK (~83 EUR). That said, I haven’t bought dollars since a trip to Tajikistan and Uzbekistan back in 2016. I remember small 100-dollar bills being handy for fitting into a slim wallet.
ES Esantirulo Veteran ·
Okay, so I’ve been in Vitebsk since yesterday. Tomorrow I’m heading to Polotsk early in the morning, then taking the bus to Pskov around noon. My route so far: - Ecolines bus from the airport to Minsk. - 1.5 days in Minsk (1 night) - Minsk-Smolensk train, 2 nights in Smolensk - Smolensk-Vitebsk bus

The unified Belarus-Russia visa system works with a couple of small variations. First, remember this requires a paper Russian visa in your passport. The e-visa isn’t valid.

Lithuania->Belarus border crossing:

I’m on a Schengen passport, and at Lithuanian control, no silly questions like the Estonian ones ("Woooah, where ya goin’?" etc.), no questions at all—just passport verification. The Belarusians, though, took fingerprints of both index fingers using a small scanner on the counter, plus a facial recognition photo with a side camera. Probably the new EU/Schengen digital border control protocol. It goes quickly—only a few people were briefly questioned. No delays. There was no Lithuanian customs.

At Belarusian control, I mentioned to the officer that I was heading to Russia next. Another fingerprint scanner on the counter—right index, then left. After checking, my passport was returned without a migration card. I pointed out I’d need one in Russia. She said I should’ve asked for one right after arriving in the hall before queuing, so I could fill it out and hand it in with my passport. Noted for next time. But no problem—she gave me a form to fill out on the spot, stamped both parts, cut it in half, and handed me mine. What’s unusual is that the entry stamp wasn’t placed on the stamp page but on the Russian visa. Here’s how it looks:



After passport control, bags went through the X-ray tunnel at customs, and the officer asked two questions: my itinerary and if I had cash.

The Vilnius-Minsk ticket:



Belarus->Russia by train:

I bought the ticket on the Belarusian railways site, but the train is Russian (RZD). There are classic long-distance platzkart/coupé options, but this one, even though it was heading to Moscow, was a "Lastochka" (Swallow) type. When boarding a Russian train, you always show your passport, and in this case—since it wasn’t Belarusian or Russian—the conductor checked the visa’s validity. It’s a three-hour ride to Smolensk—goes by fast. When we arrived in Smolensk, I saw a police officer in military khaki outside. Figured it was for me. Sure enough—they had to check against Belarusian border data. There were three of us non-Belarusian/Russian passengers on the whole train. We followed the officer to their office in the station, where they verified our details on laptop-like terminals. Ten minutes and done.

The Minsk-Smolensk ticket:



From Smolensk to Vitebsk—so exiting Russia and re-entering Belarus.

There’s an early morning train and a late evening one—didn’t work for me, so I took the bus. The road trip is short, but there’s passport control for everyone at the border. The checkpoint is named after the nearby village, Kruglovka. There’s decent road traffic but not too much. The bus driver collected all passengers’ passports and took them to the control post. But I had to go for an interview. There was a Kazakh trucker ahead of me in the office, so I waited a bit. Then my turn—pretty detailed questions: place of birth, current home and job, a quick rundown of my past trips to Russia, reason for the current trip. Then fingerprinting of all fingers on a portable terminal (like a big phone), plus a profile photo standing up. After that, back to the bus. If there are multiple foreigners, this can cause quite a delay. No idea how it works for trains—whether there’s en-route control like the Finland-Russia trains pre-2022 or if you’re taken to an office.

The Smolensk-Vitebsk bus ticket:



###########################

Nothing too out of the ordinary except for the slightly long questionnaire at the Kruglovka border checkpoint on the Smolensk-Vitebsk road.

And tomorrow evening, I’m heading back to the border—another bus, from Polotsk to Pskov (Belarus -> Russia). After that, Pskov->Riga for my return flight.
ES Esantirulo Veteran ·
What was really tedious was the length of the Vilnius-Minsk journey. My flight arrived around midnight in Vilnius, and I’d bought the 01:45 ticket to Minsk. My notes: 02:15 arrival at the Lithuanian checkpoint 03:40 they let us in for passport control. We waited in the bus for 1.5 hours... 04:15: everyone checked, the bus heads to the Belarusian checkpoint, with a 20-minute stop at the duty-free shop 04:40 we arrive at the Belarusian checkpoint 04:50 they let us in for passport control and customs. But the area was packed: drivers, coaches, truckers. 06:35 we leave the Belarusian checkpoint.

So, a pretty significant delay. That said, the Ecolines seats are spacious and the bus was half-empty, so I could relax.

At both the Lithuanian and Belarusian passport controls, there were only two counters open, which isn’t much. I should try a daytime bus next time to see if it’s any different.

Similar discussions

You might also like