What to See in Turkey
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Location

UNESCO World Heritage Sites

Turkey has around fifteen sites inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage list:

West Coast:

Central:

East:

West Coast

Marmara Region

This is the northwest of the country, around Istanbul and on either side of the Bosphorus Strait.

Aegean Region

This is the west coast proper, bordering the Aegean Sea, with Izmir as the main city.

Ancient Sites

Natural Heritage

Central

Central Anatolia

This is the vast region at the heart of the country, encompassing the capital, Ankara, and Cappadocia.

Black Sea

The entire coastline along the Black Sea, from the outskirts of Istanbul (in the west) to the Georgian border (in the east).

Mediterranean Region

This is the southern coast, renowned for tourism, with Antalya as the main city.

Ancient Sites

Natural Heritage

East

Southeastern Anatolia

This is the border area with Syria and Iraq, currently strongly advised against for security reasons by the French MFA for the zones closest to these two countries.

Eastern Anatolia

This is the far east of the country, bordering Iran among others.

Natural Heritage

Must-see & highly recommended

Cappadocia
★★★★ In the heart of the country, Cappadocia is a major tourist destination. Visitors come for its landscapes (including its famous "fairy…
Ephesus
★★★★ Right next to Selçuk, Ephesus is one of the main—and most beautiful—ancient sites in Turkey. However, it was only inscribed on…
Istanbul
★★★★ Though not the capital, Istanbul is Turkey’s largest city and a must-visit on any trip to the country, thanks to its neighbourhoods…
Mount Nemrut
★★★★ A UNESCO-listed site, this 2,206 m mountain in southeastern Turkey is famous for its landscapes and, above all, the ancient statues at its…
Pamukkale
★★★★ This is where the famous "petrifying travertine terraces"—a UNESCO World Heritage site—are located, along with the ancient…

Recommended

Dalyan
★★★ A pleasant small town near the sea. Just a short distance from its beautiful beaches, boat trips reveal dozens of Lycian tombs carved into…
Saklikent Gorge
★★★ Between Fethiye and Antalya. One of Europe's largest canyons where you can hike. Nearby, you can also ski at the Saklikent resort.
Göreme
★★★ This valley/village in Cappadocia is a UNESCO World Heritage Site (and a national park) known for its stunning churches, troglodyte…
Sumela Monastery
★★★ A few kilometres south of Trabzon, this stunning monastery is nestled in a cliffside. Built at an altitude of over 1,200 m, it offers a…
Kaçkar Mountains
★★★ These are fairly high mountains near the Black Sea in the northeast of the country. People come here for the beautiful landscapes, rafting…
Datça Peninsula
★★★ West of Marmaris, the long and pretty peninsula has become a highly touristic area with several beaches and small villages around the main…
Turkish Riviera
★★★ This is the stretch of coastline running from near Izmir to beyond Antalya. It is highly touristic, with numerous seaside resorts and…
Safranbolu
★★★ This town between Ankara and the Black Sea is renowned for its stunning Ottoman architecture, earning it UNESCO World Heritage status.

Worth a look / Other

Alaçati
★★ This village near Cesme is known for its charming traditional Greek architecture and old windmills. Its beach is also popular with…
Alanya
★★ On the coast, east of Antalya, this seaside resort is known for its citadel and especially the water activities it offers (diving, boat…
Amasra
★★ A charming seaside resort that attracts many visitors in season, especially from Ankara and Istanbul.
Amasya
★★ A major city between Cappadocia and the Black Sea that has preserved many of its Ottoman-style houses and several ancient ruins.
Anamur
★★ The town, facing the island of Cyprus, is home to an imposing medieval fortress by the sea as well as the remains of an ancient city. There…
Ani
★★ Just a stone's throw from Armenia, of which it was the capital around the year 1000, Ani is an abandoned medieval city where numerous…
Antalya
★★ This is the major city on the southern coast and a possible air gateway into the country. Beyond the beaches and nearby seaside resorts…
Aphrodisias
★★ Not far from Denizli, these are the remains of one of the region’s best-preserved Roman cities. It is also a UNESCO World Heritage…
Arycanda
★★ This is the site of an ancient Lycian city near Antalya.
Aspendos
★★ About fifty kilometres from Antalya, these are the remains of a Greco-Roman city, featuring a remarkably well-preserved ancient theatre.
Assos
★★ In a small village overlooking the sea, facing the Greek island of Lesbos, lie the ruins of the ancient Greek city of Assos. Key sights…
Ayvalik
★★ A charming small port city where many beautiful houses and religious buildings (churches, mosques, monastery) still stand. Several beaches…
Beypazarı
★★ This small town near Ankara is known for its old quarters with beautiful traditional architecture.
Bodrum
★★ A rather upscale and renowned seaside resort on the southwest coast, Bodrum also boasts a beautiful castle and an ancient theater. You can…
Bursa
★★ Not far from Istanbul, the city is the country's fourth largest. It boasts numerous historical monuments and sites, as well as various…
Zilkale Castle
★★ This is an ancient Byzantine fortress set in a picturesque wooded area a few kilometres from the Black Sea coast, not far from the Georgian…
Cumalikizik
★★ This village near Bursa is a UNESCO World Heritage site (like several districts of Bursa) for its "architecture and urban planning"…
Demre
★★ This small town on the southern coast is where the legend of Santa Claus was born. The city is also home to the ruins of ancient Myra…
Derinkuyu
★★ One of the main underground cities near Nevşehir and one of the most representative. Nearby, Kaymakli is also a great example.
Didyma
★★ Alongside its neighbours Miletus and Priene, Didyma is a major ancient Greek site on the Aegean coast.
Eğirdir
★★ On the shores of the lake of the same name, Eğirdir has remnants of its past (castle, mausoleums, religious buildings). It’s…
Fethiye
★★ A popular resort on the southwest coast (and neighbor to Ölüdeniz, known for its stunning beach). The city also features a Crusader…
Foça
★★ Northwest of Izmir on the coast, the town has preserved an old centre with traditional Greek architecture. Several beaches nearby.
Göcek
★★ Beaches and a major marina near Dalaman. It’s also the starting point for boat trips to the small coves and islands in the area.
Hasankeyf
★★ In the southeast of the country, this town on the banks of the Tigris has many old buildings (citadel, mosques, palaces, bridge) that make…
Imbros Island
★★ At the entrance to the Dardanelles, the large mountainous island offers beautiful beaches with opportunities for diving and windsurfing…
Bozcaada Island
★★ Just a few kilometres off the coast and at the exit of the Dardanelles Strait. The island features a castle, a town with narrow streets and…
Marmara Islands
★★ These are several mountainous islands (Avşa, Marmara) located in the sea of the same name near Istanbul. You can see various remnants…
Kalkan
★★ A small seaside resort with beautiful architecture where you can go diving and enjoy water sports.
Kaş
★★ This fishing port is also a seaside resort that, like many others, has preserved its traditional architecture along with some remnants of…
Kayaköy
★★ A few kilometres south of Fethiye. It's a ghost village abandoned by its Greek population in the 1920s. You can take short hikes in the…
Kekova
★★ Near Kas, the small island of Kekova is home to the ruins of a sunken city, now a "classic" excursion from Kas.
Kiyiköy
★★ On the Black Sea coast, with beaches and surrounding forests, this large village has preserved its beautiful architecture and ramparts.
Lake Tuz
★★ It is the second-largest lake in Turkey and a haven for many birds, particularly flamingos. Its "hypersalinity" gives it a touch of a South…
Lake Van
★★ It is the largest lake in Turkey. You can swim here and explore a few small villages, as well as the medieval ruins of the city of Tushpa…
Manavgat
★★ It's a seaside resort between Antalya and Alanya. You can see several waterfalls as well as the ancient site of Side in the surrounding…
Mardin
★★ It’s a beautiful ancient city built on a hillside, renowned for its architecture.
Miletus
★★ Alongside its neighbours Didyma and Priene, this ancient Greek port city is a major archaeological site on the Aegean coast.
Mount Ararat
★★ On the border with Iran, this 5,165 m mountain—where Noah's Ark is said to have landed—can be climbed fairly easily (with a…
Mount Uludağ
★★ Right next to Bursa, this massif, a national park, is the highest in the western part of the country (2,543 m). You can ski here in winter…
Selimiye Mosque
★★ Built in the 16th century, it is considered one of the masterpieces of Islamic architecture. This earned it UNESCO World Heritage status.
Ozkonak
★★ One of the main underground cities in the area around Nevşehir.
Ilgaz National Park
★★ Between Ankara and the Black Sea, this mountainous park is popular for its landscapes, hiking, and winter skiing.
Kaz Dağı National Park
★★ A lovely mountainous area peaking at nearly 1,800 m, perfect for enjoying the scenery and hiking.
Köprülü Canyon National Park
★★ This park in Antalya Province was established around the canyon of the same name. You can hike and go rafting here.
Dilek Peninsula National Park
★★ A forested peninsula south of Kusadasi, perfect for hiking and enjoying quiet beaches.
Pergamon
★★ These are the significant UNESCO-listed ruins of an ancient city on the outskirts of the present-day city of Bergama.
Perge
★★ The site of an ancient city built by the river in the Antalya region. Another ancient site, Phaselis, is nearby.
Phaselis
★★ The site of an ancient Lycian city in the Antalya region, by the sea. Another, Perge, is not far away.
Priene
★★ Along with its neighbours Didyma and Miletus, Priene is a major ancient Greek site on the Aegean coast.
Lakes Region (Turkey)
★★ North of Antalya, this is a region with several large lakes (Egirdir, Beysehir). It’s a destination for landscapes, discovering small…
Sardis
★★ These are the ruins of the ancient capital of Lydia, east of Izmir.
Side
★★ A beautiful ancient site overlooking the sea on the outskirts of the seaside resort of Manavgat.
Şirince
★★ A small Greek village (until 1920) about ten kilometres from Selçuk, known for its wine and beautiful houses.
Termessos
★★ North of Antalya, at high altitude and in a beautiful setting, this is one of the best-preserved ancient sites in Turkey.
Uçhisar
★★ A small town between Nevşehir and Göreme with an interesting hilltop fortress.
Şanlıurfa
★★ The city, near the Syrian border, boasts many ancient structures and a beautiful architecture overall.
Ihlara Valley
★★ A very beautiful valley in southwestern Cappadocia where you can hike and discover various historical remains, including countless cave…
Yusufeli Valley
★★ You can see several medieval fortresses and Georgian churches in this valley, which is home to the small town of the same name.
Xanthos-Letoon
★★ Located north of Kas, these are two ancient Lycian sites (a sanctuary and a city) classified as UNESCO World Heritage sites.
Adana
★ It is the fourth-largest city in Turkey. It has a few museums and old quarters. Nearby, you can also visit the ruins of Mallus, Castabala…
Akçakoca
★ A Black Sea resort town with a castle and an old town.
Akyaka
★ This small town, located in a picturesque region north of Marmaris, boasts beautiful traditional architecture.
Altınoluk
★ A small seaside resort in the northern Aegean region, far less known and crowded than many others along this coast.
Ankara
★ Often overlooked by tourists, the Turkish capital still boasts several interesting museums, including the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations.
Antakya
★ Better known as Antioch, the city is close to the Syrian border. It features several religious buildings, a citadel, and some Roman ruins.
Avanos
★ This small town near Nevşehir and Göreme is renowned for its pottery.
Balikesir
★ It's a large inland city in the Marmara region. It has a few monuments, such as the tomb of the Karasi beys.
Battalgazi
★ It's a small town with various ancient remains (mosques, caravanserai, Roman walls...).
Çeşme
★ West of Izmir, the town with its castle and old centre has become a seaside resort and a gateway to Turkey thanks to its ferry routes to…
Dalaman
★ This mid-sized city is known in tourism circles only for hosting a major international airport serving much of the Turkish Riviera.
Denizli
★ Large inland city primarily serving as a transport hub or base for exploring nearby Pamukkale.
Karapinar Desert
★ A desert area with dunes near Konya.
Dikili
★ In a beautiful region, this small fishing port and seaside resort still has an old center with typical coastal architecture and a…
Divriği
★ On the edge of eastern Turkey, this small town is home to a grand mosque and a hospital dating from the 12th and 13th centuries. Both…
Diyarbakir
★ A major city in the southeast with an old centre and UNESCO-listed fortress walls. Unfortunately, it is also one of the region’s…
Doğubayazıt
★ This high-altitude city near the Iranian border serves primarily as a base for exploring Mount Ararat and the nearby Ishak Pasha Palace.
Edirne
★ It's the major city of Thrace, on the border with Greece and Bulgaria. Relatively overlooked by visitors, it nevertheless boasts several…
Enez
★ Located at the Greek border, it's a small town with a citadel, beaches, and many birds nesting in the surrounding lakes.
Erdek
★ A medium-sized seaside resort on the Mediterranean coast, about a hundred kilometres west of Bursa. It primarily attracts local tourism.
Erzurum
★ At nearly 2,000 metres above sea level, it is the main city in Eastern Anatolia, with a few (rare) ancient landmarks like its citadel…
Gaziantep
★ A large city near the Syrian border with a fortress, a museum, and an extensive bazaar.
Giresun
★ A coastal city with a beautiful castle, old Ottoman houses, and a small island to explore.
Gordion
★ Located southwest of Ankara, these are the remains of the ancient capital of the Phrygian kingdom.
Dupnisa Caves
★ Located in Thrace, caves in the middle of a forest open to visitors.
Harran
★ Just a few kilometres from Syria, this archaeological site in the eponymous town features long walls and various medieval remains.
Hattusa
★ The archaeological site of Hattusa, the ancient Hittite capital, is a UNESCO World Heritage site. It is located near the village of…
Igneada
★ This town, on the Bulgarian border and facing the Black Sea, attracts mostly local tourism for its beaches as well as the small lakes and…
Iskenderun
★ Near Syria, the former Alexandretta and one of the country's main ports, as well as the largest city on the eastern Mediterranean coast.
Isparta
★ The main city of the Lakes Region, known for its rose oil.
Izmir
★ It’s the country’s third-largest city. While it has a few monuments and a large bazaar, it’s more of a gateway or…
Iznik
★ A large town on the shores of the lake of the same name, with an old center and city walls.
Kars
★ This mid-sized city near Armenia features beautiful 19th-century Russian architecture and a hilltop citadel.
Kastamonu
★ A city near the Black Sea with an old town.
Kayseri
★ A major city in Cappadocia. Besides its various monuments, the city is also popular for the Erciyes Mountain ski resort (3,916 m), at the…
Kemer
★ A fairly busy seaside resort below Antalya.
Kilyos
★ A few kilometres north of Istanbul, on the Black Sea, the town has become the seaside resort for residents of the Istanbul metropolitan…
Kırklareli
★ A city near Bulgaria with an old centre that has preserved its traditional architecture.
Konya
★ Considered a holy city, Konya is known for its whirling dervishes and its religious buildings.
Kuşadası
★ A popular seaside resort south of Izmir that also welcomes many cruise ships and all-inclusive resorts. Several ancient sites (Ephesus…
Lake Kus
★ This lake south of Bandirma is renowned for hosting numerous migratory bird species during the season. It is also known as Lake Manyas.
Limyra
★ The ruins of what was once one of the most important Lycian cities.
Malatya
★ One of the main cities in eastern Turkey. A few parks and museums to visit.
Marmaris
★ One of the main seaside resorts on the Turkish coast and among the most popular in season.
Mersin
★ A major port city between Antalya and Syria.
Mount Chimaera
★ Not far from Antalya, this site is famous for its "flaming rocks" caused by underground combustible gas emissions.
Mudanya
★ A seaside town not far from Bursa with beaches and old houses.
Mugla
★ A medium-sized town north of Marmaris with an old city center.
Nevşehir
★ It's the capital of Cappadocia and a great base for exploring the surrounding area, where nature (fairy chimneys, hiking) and history…
Olympos
★ These are the remains of an ancient city built by the sea about sixty kilometres south of Antalya.
Osmaneli
★ A small town near Bursa with beautiful traditional Ottoman houses and the remains of a late 19th-century Orthodox church.
Patara
★ These are the remains of a Lycian city, plus a long beach where turtles come to nest.
Gallipoli Peninsula
★ This long Thracian peninsula was the site of a major battle during the First World War. Several memorials and the Dardanelles battlefields…
Polonezköy
★ Just a few kilometres from Istanbul, this village founded in the mid-19th century by Poles has preserved its architecture along with…
Rize
★ A major port on the eastern Black Sea, at the heart of a tea-producing region, Rize is primarily a base for exploring the surrounding area.
Samsun
★ Turkey’s largest Black Sea city and a major port.
Şarköy
★ The small town at the entrance to the Gallipoli Peninsula has the longest beach in Turkey as well as vineyards.
Selçuk
★ A pleasant small town north of Kusadasi, typically used as a base for exploring the magnificent Ephesus site on its outskirts, as well as…
Şile
★ Built on the edge of the Black Sea, this is a seaside resort popular with residents of Istanbul.
Silifke
★ This town between Alanya and Mersin boasts several historical sites, including a fortress, ramparts, and a necropolis. There are also…
Sinop
★ On the peninsula of the same name, a port with ramparts and some historical remains.
Tarsus
★ Near Mersin, the city boasts numerous ruins from both the ancient and Ottoman eras.
Tasucu
★ This port city with beautiful architecture, located near Silifke, is the departure point for ferries to Northern Cyprus.
Termal
★ Its hot springs and waterfalls have made this small town near Yalova famous.
Tokat
★ This city near Samsun is home to a beautiful Ottoman citadel as well as various buildings and houses from that era.
Trabzon
★ A large port city on the northeast coast with old quarters. The city is typically used as a base to visit the stunning Sumela Monastery…
Troy
★ This is the archaeological site of the famous city of Troy. Located not far from the city of Çanakkale, it is a UNESCO World Heritage site…
Urgup
★ Another small town in Cappadocia that can serve as a base for exploring the region. It has many cave dwellings (and hotels).
Van
★ A large Kurdish city on the shores of the lake of the same name. You can see a citadel, Armenian religious buildings, and above all use it…
Vize
★ The former capital of the Kingdom of Thrace, Vize boasts a beautiful mosque, a citadel, and a Roman amphitheatre.
Yalova
★ On the Sea of Marmara, facing Istanbul, which you can reach by ferry, Yalova offers just a few monuments, including one of Atatürk’s…
Zeytinbağı
★ This small coastal village near Mudanya and Bursa boasts many beautiful buildings and houses dating from the Ottoman and Byzantine periods.
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