Bonjour à tous,
Avant toute chose merci de vos réponses.
Je sais que le sujet à déja été aborder mais des conseils tout frais ne font jamais de mal à personne 😛
Nous (moi et ma copine) projetons un voyage en Amérique du Sud d'un an, et nous cherchons à bien nous équiper sans trop faire exploser notre tirlire,
Notre budget : environ 1000 euro pas vélo (équipé de préference).
voici quelques conclusions de nos recherches, si vous avez des idées ou des réactions...
1) Cadre acier
2) Pas de suspensions
3) Des sacoches plutot qu'une remorque
4) Des roues 26"
5) Equipé Shimano
des questions maintenant :
1) connaissez vous d'autres fabricants cadre acier vélo tdm autre que http://www.fahrradmanufaktur.de/ (le T400 correspond pas mal à nos attentes-existe t'il un concurrrent ?)
2) Comment choisir la dimesion d'un cadre ? (je fais 1m75 et elle fait 1m85)
3)Comment choisir un guidon et une potence pour etre installer confortablement ?
quels critères prendre en compte ?
4) Est ce que une selle très large en gel est forcément la plus confortable ? est ce qu'elle ne freine pas trop les performances ?
5) Est il impératif de modifier l'une ou l'autre pice de série sur des vélos a 1000 euro ??? quand je vois les équipements de certains sa me fou la pétoche !!( je veux bien mettre des sous dans du matos mais faut pouvoir encore partir apres !! lol)
🙂salut,
Bonne Année 2007 !
et Bien je crois que Rando-Cycles va vendre prochainement un Vélo de serie (special Rando)
tout equiper, un Bon vélo de rando en Acier cromo avec toutes les attaches portes Bagages etc...
il vendait un Vélo de rando Basic sur le Modele Villiger, mais il en a pratiquement plus en Stock, Donc il va avoir de nouveau modele .
apres saccoches ou remorque et bien c'est perso, a toi de voir lequel est plus confortable pour toi .
bonne route
pas de velo suspendu
cadre acier de preference
A BICYCLETTE !!!
locomotion plus efficace que celle de n'importe quel organisme biologique
Au niveau du cadre il y a surly qui fait des cadres en acier, je le montre sur mon site http://flibuste.net/cyclocamping/matos/velo.html
A mon avis avant de partir pour une longue durée c'est un avantage de se monter son vélo soit-même pour être sûr de bien le connaître.
Salut Bronzy,
va donc consulter le site http://www.lamaisonduvelo.be. Ce vélociste bien connu des randonneurs en Belgique livre non seulement des Fahrrad Manufaktur mais également des Da Silva qui pourraient répondre à vos attentes (acier, grandes tailles, ...). Son expérience des voyages est très grande, ses conseils précieux, et il ne cherche pas à fourguer n'importe quoi !
Ptitgris
🙂je crois que Rando-Cycles va vendre des vélos complet, équiper shimano deore sur la base d'un cadre Surly
Voila donc une bonne nouvelle, un bon vélo de Randonnée, cadre acier !
bien équiper, pour remplacer le modele( Rando-Cycles Basic ) qui a bien marcher ! car il na plus de cadre pratiquement.
A BICYCLETTE !!!
locomotion plus efficace que celle de n'importe quel organisme biologique
Le vélo de rando-Cycle sur base du cadre Villigers a l'air pas mal du tout !
Est ce que le prix de 1000 euro comprends les accessoires ou bien est ce qu'il faut rajouter les 400 euros pour l'équipé ?
Je vais essayer de contacter rando cycle par mail pour qu'ils me tiennent au courant, as tu une idée de quand ils comptent proposer le modèle suivant ??
Si tu apprends quelque chose n'hésite pas à me contacter.
Et merci pour le lien vers ton site fort instructif,
Est ce que tu te souviens du prix du cadre Surly que tu as acheter?
Au niveau des accessoires (sacoches et "porte bagage") y a t'il un site plus interessant qu"un autre au niveau rapport qualité prix ?
As ton avis il est donc plus interessant d'acheter un vélo "sec" et de l'équipé au fur et à mesure ?
Une alternative que j'avais envisagé :
Acheter un cadre Décathlon acier (entrée de gamme VTT) et monter des pièces un peu plus robuste sur ce cadre, Est ce que le résultat peut etre confortable et robuste ou est ce que je risque de jeter de l'argent par les fenetres ??
Qu'est ce que vous en pensez tous ?
Est ce que qqun sait si on peu acheter juste un cadre décahlon ou bien ils ne vendent que des vélos all in ?
A l'époque j'avais payé le surly 400e avec le jeu de direction monté (350+50e je crois) et livraison comprise !
Pour les accessoires j'avais déjà ce qu'il faut (acheté en allemagne) que j'ai transféré d'un ancien vélo.
Je ne pense pas que ce soit une bonne idée de partir d'un cadre de vtt car ils n'ont pas une géométrie adaptée à la route, ils sont donc beaucoup moins roulant et beaucoup plus fatiguant. Hors le cadre n'est quand même pas ce qu'il y a de plus facile à changer, à mon avis il vaut mieux partir sur un bon cadre et faire évoluer les composants progressivement si on n'a pas le budget au départ.
🙂non pas 400 euro, juste porte bagages avant et arriere soit 120 euro environ pour des portes bagages Tubus .
tu peu choisir la couleur en +, mais la il arrive a la fin du stock de Cadre,
et devrait avoir un autre Modele toujour en acier
A BICYCLETTE !!!
locomotion plus efficace que celle de n'importe quel organisme biologique
Je vais essayer de contacter rando cycle par mail pour qu'ils me tiennent au courant
Je te conseille d'appeller plutôt! J'y suis allé y'a un petit mois pour essayé un vélo couché et il m'a dit qu'il avait un retard important, il risque de te répondre dans un moment donc!!! Appelle!!
Le problème c'est que je bosse la semaine, (et pi je suis en Belgique).
c'est ouvert le WE ?
Est ce que il y a plusieurs adresses incontournables sur Paris pour cherche de l'équipements ?
On va peut etre se tenter une petite virée si ils ont encore des vélos de stock...
Au fait merci pour l'info concernant le prix du cadre, 400 euros sa me parait encore raisonnable pour un cadre acier.
J'ai été me renseigner chez décathlon, sa semble de toute facon tres difficile de s'équipé sur base d'un cadre acier de chez eux. (De plus leur cadre acier est uniquement sur le modele entrée de gamme ... donc autant dire que les finitions sont pas top).
Je pense qu'on va plus s'orienter vers soit un cadre vierge qu'on va équiper nous meme, soit ce fameux modele de rando cycle soit le T400.
En terme de rapport qualité prix c'est vrai qu'un cadre villigers à ce prix la c'est pas mal .
Une alternative que j'avais envisagé :
Acheter un cadre Décathlon acier (entrée de gamme VTT) et monter des pièces un peu plus robuste sur ce cadre, Est ce que le résultat peut etre confortable et robuste ou est ce que je risque de jeter de l'argent par les fenetres ??
Qu'est ce que vous en pensez tous ?
Est ce que qqun sait si on peu acheter juste un cadre décahlon ou bien ils ne vendent que des vélos all in ?
Merci de vos réponses en tout cas ...
++
Salut,
a moins de tomber sur un cadre d'occase de Décath Rockrider (avec fourche rigide) qui étaient il y a dix ans vraiment super, je te le déconseille également.
Les cadres acier bas de gamme actuels sont en Hi-ten, et pas en acier Cro-mo, ce qui veut dire en gros que c'est de l'acier bon marché et lourd, idéal pour faire des chars d'assaut qui se plient en deux au premier virage un peu sec 😄
pour poursuivre dans l'idée de Piquesegue, il y a un Décathlon Rockrider de 8 ans sur Ebay.be en vente pour encore quelques jours, et un autre sur Ebay.fr ... En ne traînant pas, il y peut-être moyen de faire de bonnes affaires ...?!? Bonne chance !
Jacques
C'est vrai que je prefererait avoir un vélo plutot qu'un TANK !!!!
Ca peu juste etre utile en tant de guerre ... un vélo tank, mais bon j'espere qu'on tombera pas en plein milieu d'un conflit
C'est bien ouvert le samedi, et heureusement pour eux!! A part Rando cycles, je vois pas trop qui pourrai être a leur hauteur, sauf la maison du vélo plus par chez toi! En fait c'est 2 magasin complétement différent niveau choix, donc plutot complémentaire je dirais!
Bon etant du genre indecis quand il faut lacher 4000euro (on pars en couple!) je sollicite votre avis, j ai fait le tour des differents forums mais je trouve…
Je viens de me renseigner pour un vélo TDM chez un vendeur spécialisé en vélos de voyage. Il me propose un type de vélo: 1345€ tout équipé (sans les sacoches)…
Comme je l'ai déja écris ici j'ai l'intention de faire un tdm a vélo avec mon cousin pour moi le choix du vélo est fais ce sera un koga miyata worldtraveller…
Pour un tour du monde à vélo beaucoup sont les préparations avant le départ, mais le je crois qu'il faut commencer par investir dans un bon vélo; quels choisir…
Recherche coéquipière de voyage à vélo (arrivée en avion à Porto Alegre Brésil et pédaler direction Montevideo, Uruguay, retour par avion vers la France de Buenos AiresArgentine)1500 KM
Bonjour à toutes !
Je prépare un voyage à vélo à travers le Brésil, l'Uruguay et l'Argentine, avec un départ envisagé entre fin octobre, novembre ou décembre. Je recherche compagne de route pour partager cette aventure au long cours.
expérience :
J'ai déjà une bonne expérience du cyclotourisme Géorgie, Kazakhstan et Kirghizistan. Actuellement, je garde une excellente condition physique en pédalant en moyenne 250 km sur 3 jours par semaine.(chaque jour 4h , 20 km/h)
Le voyage & le rythme :
Rythme quotidien : Entre 50 et 80 km par jour, pour progresser régulièrement tout en prenant le temps de découvrir.
Hébergement : Mode flexible et authentique. Nous alternerons entre bivouac sauvage, camping, Warmshowers, petites pensions et petits hôtels selon les opportunités et la météo.
Au plaisir de lire ton message et de préparer cette belle traversée ensemble !
😎Fellow traveling cyclists or not, all of you who love travel, the pleasure of physical effort, nature, beautiful machines, people with true passions they seek to fulfill, and who also enjoy reading great literature about all this—the *200* magazine is for you just as it is for me. I should mention I have no financial or other interest in this (in an era where we accuse our politicians of all sorts of vile interests, I prefer to take precautions). I’ve been subscribed since the beginning, and every three months, I get my 130 pages of dreams (the magazine just went from 110 to 130 pages).
It covers everything from the trans-America route to the TCR (Trans Continental Race) from Belgium to a small town in Turkey, with mind-blowing averages—4,000 km and 80,000 m of elevation gain in 8 days and 15 hours for the winner. Let that sink in, and all of it without assistance—accepting a patch could penalize you. There’s also a story about crossing Iran, encountering one of the world’s most welcoming populations, following in the footsteps of Nicolas Bouvier, as well as retirees leisurely traversing France. The common thread in all these stories? Beautiful writing. Take, for example, a stunning article: *"Passengers of the Cold: From Edinburgh to Thurso, at the very north of Scotland, 550 km of moors, coasts, and icy wind. In Thurso, the road ends at a quay, facing the Orkney Islands. We wanted a November trip, off-season. We wanted to surprise winter. Just before the snow."* A sublime piece on the experience of facing adversity and the chance encounters along the road and in the elements.
Before I embarked on my own bike trips, I dreamed a lot about them—from the Atacama to the Gobi, along the Mekong, and not forgetting France. And now, these 130 pages every quarter keep those dreamy vibes alive through stories written in the most beautiful prose.
I’ll stop here because it might sound like I’m advertising, but if you don’t know *200*, I invite you to discover it. It’ll give you wings for the most incredible challenges or simply reinforce your desire for slow rides with your eyes open to others and nature.
A little news to wrap up: Axel Carion and a friend just broke the record for crossing South America from Colombia to Ushuaia in 59 days. On its own, that doesn’t mean much, but I can’t help it—it makes me dream. You should see how he talks about it, the flashes of that wild nature he’s stored away: a snowstorm at Paso Jama and the surreal sight of the suddenly snow-covered Licancabur!
Luc
PS: The magazine is called *200* because a day’s ride starts at 200 km—well, I’ve never done a ride like that since my longest was 167 km (with 18 kg of luggage, mind you), but why not one day? The magazine will explain how to tackle your first 200, and then the question in conclusion: when will you do your first 300?😏
I’ve got my flight ticket sorted—departing in mid-November and returning in mid-March. I’ll arrive in Santiago and leave from Buenos Aires.
I’ve already been to southern Argentina, specifically Torres del Paine National Park, and I’d love to go back to do the full W trek (I only did the shorter version last time).
I also want to do some hiking and maybe even tackle a summit. I climb and occasionally do some mountaineering, so I’ll definitely be going with a guide.
I plan to start around Temuco in Chile, with the idea of heading toward the lakes, then taking the Carretera Austral.
I’m not sure if I’ll go all the way to Ushuaia—it’s supposed to not be *that* worth it, except for the bragging rights of saying you’ve been to the end of the world.
I saw there are lakes in Argentina too.
I don’t have a precise itinerary, but what I’d love is, once I reach the southernmost point of my trip, to take a mini-cruise to see some wildlife. Any tips for that?
What kind of sleeping bag did you take? Is a 0°C (32°F) one enough?
And one last question: white gas stove or can I get by with my gas stove?
I'm developing a free and open-source web app for planning walking and cycling trips (and even car trips). You can create a route by clicking directly on the map to add waypoints, and it can consist of multiple stages. The app provides tools to edit the stages and the overall route, and to display useful information (distances, altitudes, and elevation changes). A relief profile can be shown as a graph for a specific stage or the entire route.
Once the route is ready, it can be exported as a GPX file, which can then be used with a GPS or a mobile navigation app.
The app is built in JavaScript and runs entirely in the web browser. It uses the Leaflet library and several OpenStreetMap-based services. Initially developed for my personal needs (I enjoy hiking and cycle touring), I’d be happy to share it with anyone who might find it useful. It’s free to use, doesn’t require an account, and the source code is available.
hello fellow cycling enthusiasts
here’s a travel journal of the cycling tour through the Rhône-Alpes Auvergne region by Claudio
zouli
it was the plan
http://cbandiera.free.fr/parcours/auvergne-Ralpes/
the trip was completed
story being posted online soon
1100 km in 11 days
beautiful and varied regions
Hello,
We’d like to go on a 3- to 4-month bike trip starting in December, crossing from Assam (northeast India) to New Delhi via Nepal.
Are there routes with light traffic along the Brahmaputra and through Nepal?
We’re also looking for any info on accommodations, wild camping, local interactions, etc.
Thanks,
Michel
Hello,
Has anyone here had experience using a gas stove in Sardinia and Sicily? I’m wondering if screw-on gas canisters (not the blue Campingaz ones, but brands like Coleman, Primus, etc.) are easy to find.
I’m planning to cycle from Morlaix to Brest (via Roscoff and the V45 coastal route). We’ll start riding on August 16th for 13 days (with stops for island visits, surfing, etc.). Is there a lot of traffic at this time of year? I’ve got two kids, 11 and 13, and we don’t like riding in the middle of cars (we’ve already done the Vélomaritime—Caen to Cherbourg—the Loire route from Orléans to Saumur, the Vélodyssée from Nantes to Royans, and the canals like the Nivernais and Bourgogne, where there were plenty of bike-only lanes, which isn’t the case on this route).
Thanks for your help if you’ve already done this route in late August!
Virginie
Hi there,
I’ve been road cycling for several years, and I’m about to switch to gravel in the next few days—I’m waiting for my bike, which should arrive this week.
I’m planning a bikepacking trip in a few weeks along the Véloroute V81, also known as the Vélosud, from Biarritz to Le Barcarès.
Has anyone here already done this route? Any info is welcome, whether it’s about the route itself, gear, or accommodation. I’ll prioritize staying with locals as much as possible. On that note, I just signed up for the brand-new site *Guidon et Couette* ((www.guidon-et-couette.fr)), which offers free accommodation between cyclists across the country, but there’s almost no one listed along my route!
Thanks in advance.
Laurent.
After testing it for three years across various modes of transport, I’m sharing this video of a bike packing case. It’s made from recycled cardboard and shrink-wrapped, with adjustable thickness and added bubble wrap depending on the level of protection you want.
Installing spacers at the fork and chainstays makes the packaging compact. With the fifteen-odd euros for shrink-wrapping at the airport, this case travels really well.
https://youtu.be/_GDJi-GqmkM
- Low bulk (1.10m x 0.70m x 0.25m for a large frame), it fits vertically in train luggage compartments and the total dimensions (x+y+z) don’t exceed 2.40m.
- Two carrying solutions for public transport and easy handling by airport staff (no more tears in the cardboard from openings).
- Discreet packaging when dealing with bus drivers and train conductors, as it looks like an ordinary parcel.
- No need to return to the starting point to retrieve the case from your outbound trip, which you’d otherwise have to store somewhere, or deal with a bulky cover to pack in your panniers.
- You can still check tire pressure through the plastic film without damaging the packaging too much.
Drawbacks: Around 3 hours for this lengthy and meticulous process—removing the wheels, pedals, handlebars, and derailleur without misaligning them, then securing all components to the frame.
If you get a chance to test it, send me your feedback for future improvements.
Hi there, I’m planning a cross-Canada bike trip, and I’ve got a question that might seem silly, but could someone tell me how to pack a bike (in a box, with a fragile sticker... I don’t know) for a flight? Thanks in advance!
This summer, we’re planning to cycle along the EV 19 that follows the Meuse River from Langres all the way to Rotterdam.
My question is about getting back to Nantes.
Do any of you know what the best return option might be? I’d love to hear about your experiences.
I saw that FlixBus doesn’t take bikes.
By train, I think it’s possible but would involve multiple local trains.
We were also wondering if there’s a boat from Rotterdam to Saint-Nazaire that could take passengers with bikes.
Any tips or experiences you can share would be really helpful—thanks in advance!
Have a great evening
I’ve gotten used to crossing Europe by bus to return by bike.
It was really convenient to take the bike without having to disassemble it.
But FlixBus no longer accepts bikes...
What alternatives do you know about?
Thanks.
Hi there,
I’m planning to ride the Dutch section of the EuroVelo 19, from Maastricht to Rotterdam.
Since it’s too complicated to bring my bike on the train, I’m looking to rent one locally.
I’d love any tips or bike rental shop recommendations—I’m struggling to find options even in Rotterdam.
The plan is to rent in Rotterdam, take the train to Maastricht with the bike, then cycle back to Rotterdam.
Thanks in advance for any advice or suggestions!
Nath
I’m planning to build a new touring bike.
I want to prioritize lightness.
That said, I’m tempted by a suspension fork that could offer some comfort on rougher roads.
The recent appearance of gravel suspension forks on the market might meet my needs—at least on paper.
I’m particularly considering the RockShox Rudy Ultimate XPLR fork.
Unlike MTB forks, its travel is short: either 30 mm or 40 mm.
It weighs 1400 g, which is 400/500 g more than a steel fork.
Any thoughts or real-world feedback on this?
I’m also wondering about the durability of magnesium (lower leg) for long-distance bike touring.
And what’s the impact of skipping the manufacturer-recommended maintenance every 50 and 200 hours? That’s bound to happen on a long trip unless you carry extra gear.
More generally, how reliable are these kinds of forks?
I’m making an exception and creating a separate post this time, since it’s all about France. In May, we spent a week in Provence, specifically in the Luberon, exploring the cycling routes *Autour du Luberon à Vélo*, the *Véloroute du Calavon* (part of EuroVelo 8), and the shorter *Les Ocres à Vélo* route. Together, they gave us an amazing journey through rolling hills, vineyards, lavender fields still green in spring, and some of the most stunning landscapes in southern France.
It was, of course, the perched villages that impressed us the most. We visited Gordes, Roussillon, Bonnieux, Lacoste, Lourmarin, Ménerbes, Oppède-le-Vieux, Cucuron, and Lauris. Many of them are among the most beautiful villages in Provence, and it’s hard not to agree with that reputation.
One interesting point is the route of EuroVelo 8 in this part of the region. The official path mainly follows the old railway line of the *Véloroute du Calavon*, which is very comfortable and safe. But in our opinion, cyclists traveling EuroVelo 8 around the Mediterranean would discover even more treasures if the route passed through villages like Bonnieux, Lacoste, or Oppède-le-Vieux.
We were also pleasantly surprised by how safe cycling felt. Most of the route takes small local roads, but traffic is light, drivers are respectful, and road design really takes cyclists into account. It’s one of those places where you can ride peacefully even without separated bike lanes.
Our full story:
Around Luberon by bicycle - the most beautiful villages of Provence
You can also find all our cycling travel stories on the forum:
Cycling Thread - Europe’s most beautiful bike routes
Hi there, we’re a group of 4 cyclists looking to get from Treviso in Italy to Munich with our 4 non-folding bikes. It seems complicated! Are there any solutions? Thanks so much.
Hi there, we’re planning a Munich to Venice bike trip at the end of June 2026. Getting back from Venice to Toulouse by train with 4 bikes isn’t straightforward. What return options have others who’ve done this trip chosen? Any tips or great deals would be much appreciated. Thanks a bunch! !
Hi everyone,
Happy owner of a Pegasus Estremo bike with a Rohloff hub, which is giving me trouble with the SF11-NCX-FT-E-LITE 700C TS 300/0 fork (serial number TD01329060). It’s starting to show its age, and I’d like to repair it to extend the life of my beloved bike.
The suspension is gone, and there’s an oil leak from the seals.
Does anyone know how to repair it? Where can I find parts that are about fifteen years old? Or where to find an identical replacement fork? Just to clarify, the Magura HS11 brakes are mounted using Firm Tech, meaning they’re on pivots behind the fork, facing the frame.
Hi, I'd like to know if anyone has done this route recently or has reliable info.
Does the track exist, and most importantly, is there sand (for biking)?
Any info is welcome.
Cheers,
diego ambilobe: mangaoka, manondro, ramena
vohemar sambava: masondrono, tanambao
Hi there,
New to bike touring,
I’d love to start with a section of the Via Rhona to explore and share (route to be decided).
Looking forward to exchanging tips!
I’m landing in Madagascar with a buddy before the end of April 2026. We’re planning to bike around for about twenty days or so. We don’t have a specific goal other than exploring the country and meeting the locals.
Ideally, we’d prefer a loop route starting from Antananarivo with a good chunk of it along the coast. On the bike side, we’re used to riding 6 to 8 hours a day, depending on the needs, encounters, and mood 😉 Any feedback or tips from trips around this length?
A big thank you to Lazarou for all the info you share in this forum!
I'm passionate about Morocco, which I cycled through back in 2009.
Last year, my wife and I explored the High Atlas by tandem. Completely smitten, we're heading back in April (Anti Atlas) and May (High and Middle Atlas), still on our tandem.
Do you have any info on the track between Amezri and Ali Ait Nito? Are the river crossings in the Tessaout still there? It's not easy to navigate with a loaded tandem... especially if the river level is high due to this year's heavy snowmelt!
Thanks in advance for any tips you might have, and best wishes for health in this new year!
Claudio specializes in the route of the Savoie lakes
Here are his travels
Between Bornes, Chartreuse, the Savoie foothills, and Dauphiné
Five lakes: Léman, Annecy, Paladru, Aiguebelette, Bourget, not to mention a few ponds along the way
Plenty of accommodation options: camping, hotels, and more...
A lovely route not far from his place
Rural and quite peaceful
A road cycling route created by Serge B...
First of all... happy New Year! Wishing you great roads in 2017!
I’ve been traveling for a few years now with a high-quality mountain bike, but it’s equipped with hydraulic disc brakes. I live (pedal) with the constant worry of a breakdown (leak, air bubble, heat causing the fluid to...). My bike mechanic tells me it’s impossible to switch them out for V-brakes.
What do you all think? Am I taking a big risk continuing (alone) with these brakes? Thanks in advance for your great tips!
First post here to share a quick recap of our west-to-east bike trip along Algeria’s coast in January 2025.
It was just the two of us—my partner and I—with French passports and not a word of Arabic. No friends or welcoming hosts in the country.
Under those conditions, we’d strongly advise against going.
Our original plan was to follow the coast from Algiers to Tunis. We ended up cycling from Algiers to Béjaia, then took the train from Béjaia to Annaba (with a stop in Constantine), and finally biked to the border.
We were tailed by police the whole way—whether on our bikes, on the train, or even on foot while exploring towns. On top of that, we couldn’t wild camp and were limited to the few state-approved hotels that accept foreigners. Under those circumstances, connecting with locals was especially tough.
With such an omnipresent and intrusive police presence, we’d definitely recommend against this destination for bike touring. A really sad situation that completely cuts you off from the local population...
We’d been warned, we went to check it out, and we weren’t disappointed!